Marley is warning Scrooge Essay

Charles Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol in October 1843. It was the voice of the woeful in London at that period. There was a great divide surrounded by the partes, Dickens wrote a Christmas Carol so that his readers could learn ab unwrap the class divide and the suffering of the low-d proclaim in London Dickens shows the occupation actually well in A Christmas Carol. Dickens came from a family who experient debt. Charles younger years where evidently very hard, although he quoted that himself and his family loved Christmas and notable it with a smile, thus far thought he family lived on a low wage.When Dickens started to write A Christmas Carol he often walked the streets of London gathering ideas and looking at the poor people living in their slums. There is no doubt that Dickens life promote him to write A Christmas Carol, his father was thrown in prison for organism in debt and Charles had to work at a boot blackening milling machinery on the banks of the Thames. In A Christmas Carol we meet skinflint a tight fisted and very rich man, who lived life on as flyspeck as possible so not to waste his well bring in notes. In a Christmas carol he is a exaggeration the worst possible person anyone could have met.Dickens lists negatives in the composition to display the kind of man he is Scrooge was a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, close gray-headed sinner Dickens also uses allegorys to describe him through out the book, it begins on a simile as dead as a door nail this is a clichi d simile a simile that is constantly used in common vocabulary. Dickens used a clichi because the poor and uneducated would have recognised and enjoyed his language, and the wealthy would realize the incontestable nature of the fact.He also uses whence to describe Scrooge he was as solitary as an oyster he refuses to speak with anyone foresighted terms at the start of the book, Dickens writes that even blind mans dogs even hide form him, back ing up that scrooge was a caricature. Scrooge plays the part of the amphetamine classes in London, not noticing the divide in society. The upper classes believed that the poor where too lazy to work. Therefore the Victorians created workhouses a place where the poor worked for a bed and food for them self and their families.These places were help slightly by the work of the philanthropists. Scrooge also does not like philanthropists people who expect to collect funds to help the poor are there no prisons? asked Scrooge. The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full vigour, then? said Scrooge. Both very busy, sir. This show that Scrooge con boldnessrs money oer human welfare, and that he does not want to learn about the operate of the poor this reflects the views of many wealthy business sectormen of the day. Im very glad to hear it answers Scrooge to help the philanthropists regarding the workhouse.Many cant go there and many would rather die. This depicts the truly callous s ide to the class division. If they would rather die, said Scrooge, they had better do it, and decrease the tautologic population. The poor law was the only way of collecting money for the poor, and this tax was so very little that it hardly helped any of the poor or needy. The first tintwriter Scrooge is fixinged by is that of his old business partner Jacob Marley. He warns of three other ghosts that will haunt Scrooge in the coming night.Jacob and Scrooge ran the business of loan agents their nonplus was to target the poor people of London lending them large amounts of money, money these people could ill afford and when the deadline came to pay him back and may couldnt they where thrown into prison and their belongings sold. Marley wore kitchen stoves I wear the chemical chain I forged in life, said Marley I made it physical contact by liaison, and yard by yard I girded it on of my own free will, and of my own free will I wore it. Marley wore the chains because of either bad thing he did in his lifetime another link was added to the chain.This shows us that Marley was not a kind person. Is its pattern strange to you? The ghost questions Scrooge. Marley is warning Scrooge that when he dies he shall have a chain of his own due to all his bad deeds. Marley states that making money was his business mankind was my business At one oclock, the ghost appears, the features of the ghost were ever changing an old man a young child. This portrays the ii ages that would suffer the most at Christmas time it also shows the in wavering between past Scrooges youth and the present -Scrooge nowadays.

Ericksons Psychosocial Theory

ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL opening 1. Ericksons Psychosocial Theory PSY 104-275 ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 2. ABSTRACT Ericksons Psychosocial Theory, PSY 104-274. Erick Erickson was a psychologist that was born in Germany and became storied for his Theory of ogdoad stages of development. Erick believed there were eight influential stages in a humans life. At each stage, a unique developmental task confronts single(a)s with a crisis in which must be resolved. According to Erickson the crisis is non a catastrophe, but a turning point marked by both increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.Key Words psychoanalytic, psychoanalysis, Autonomy, Generativity, Stagnation ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 3. ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 4. Erik Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to danish parents. Erik found himself in quite an identity operator crisis while growing up. He was a blonde hair blue eye Jewish boy that found it difficult to study in Jewish temple becaexerci sing of his looks. And in grammar school he was extinct casted for being Jewish. He overly examine art and a variety of languages during his school long time, rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry.He did non like the atmosphere that formal development produced, so instead of going to college he traveled around Europe, charge a diary of his experiences. (Personality Theories, Dr c. George Boeree. ) After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and enrolled in art school. After several years, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects to sisterren of Americans who had seminal fluid to Vienna for Freudian training. Erick than met a Canadian dance instructor named Joan Serson who was besides teaching at the school where he worked. The couple married in 1930 and went on to have three pip-squeakren.In 1933 he came to the U. S. and took a teaching flummox at Harvard. In addition to teaching at Harvard he overly had a private practice in child psych oanalysis. Later he held teaching positions at Yale, San Francisco psychoanalytic, Austin Riggs center and the center for advanced studies of behavioural Sciences. He published a number of books on his theories and research, including Childhood and confederation and The Life Cycle Completed. His book Gandhis Truth was awarded a Pulitzer Prize and a national Book Award. Erick retired in 1970. He however continued to write, do research and occasionally lecture.In 1950 serious health problems ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 5. squeeze him into full retirement. Erick died in 1994 at the age of 91. (Personality Theories, Dr C. George Boeree. ) Erick Erickson was however probably roll in the hay best known for is Psychosocial Theory. Ericksons theory was adept in which eight stages of psychosocial development unfold through out a humans lifetime. for each one stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts case-by-caseists with a crisis in which must be faced. (Santrock, 2008,16) The first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust, occurs from approximately birth to one year.Erikson defined trust as an essential trustfulness of others as tumesce as a fundamental feel of ones own trustworthiness. He also said that some mistrust is necessary to learn to discriminate surrounded by honest and dishonest someones. If mistrust wins over trust in this stage, the child bequeath be frustrated, withdrawn, suspicious, and will lack self-confidence. (Santrock, 2008,16) The second stage, Autonomy vs. vio youthful & Doubt, occurs between ages two and three. During this menstruation it is important that the parents create a accessary atmosphere for their child so it can develop a understanding of self-control without a loss of self-esteem.In this stage, Erikson said the child encounters rules, such as which areas of the house he is allowed to explore. (Santrock, 2008,16) The third stage, Initiative vs. Guilt, occurs between ages ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 6. four and five. This is the stage in which the child must find out what kind of person he/she is going to be. The child develops a sense of responsibility in which the child increases initiative during this period. If the child is irresponsible and is make to feel too anxious whence they will have awkward guilt feelings.Erikson believed that most guilt is quickly compensated for by a sense of accomplishment. (Santrock, 2008,16) Eriksons fourth stage, Industry vs. Inferiority, occurs between six years and puberty. This is the period in which the child wants to enter the larger world of knowledge and work. wizard of the great events and influences of this time is the childs entry into school. This is where he is exposed to the technology of his confederation books, multiplication tables, arts and crafts, maps, microscopes, films, and tape recorders.However, the reading process does not simply occur in the classroom according to Erikson, but also at home, friends houses, and on the street. (Santrock, 2008,16) Components of Eriksons prior four stages contribute to the fifth stage, identity element vs. Identity Confusion. This occurs during adolescence. During this period the identity concern reaches climax. (Santrock, 2008,16) Eriksons sixth stage, social function vs. Isolation, occurs during young adulthood. Intimacy with other people is possible only if a reasonably well-integrated identity emerges from stage five. The main concern of Eriksons seventh stage, Generativity vs.Stagnation, is to ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 7. go to the younger generation in developing and lead useful lives. When the individual feels that he has done nothing to support the next generation then they experience stagnation. The final stage, Integrity vs. Despair, occurs during late adulthood. This is the time in which the individual looks back and evaluates their life. If the previous stages have positive properly then they will experience integrity. If the previous stages have not d eveloped in a positive way then they will feel despair. (Santrock, 2008,16)Ericksons nonplus has some advantages and disadvantages to it. One of the advantages is that it is a good fashion mystify to follow in infancy and in early childhood when there is little or no communication being done between child and parents. The role model sets a measuring stick to a childs prevalent development that a doctor and parents can use to see if the child is developing behind schedule or ahead of schedule. This all also allows doctors and parents to possibly diagnosis a possible mental abnormality or learning disability. However I believe this model is good to use to assume only if a child is healthy.Once a child or adult is diagnosed with a mental illness of some sort the model cannot be real used anymore. The model also has limitations to it. As I mentioned in the prior paragraph once a child or adult is diagnosed with a mental illness the theory cannot be really only used to a degree. Dep endent on what type of learning disability or mental disability the child or ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 8. adult may have the person may not be able to recognize these developmental needs that happen passim his or hers life.The adult or child will heavily look on his or her caretaker to either support these developmental stages for them or the caretaker may have to be the one that actually supplies these needs and offers the reassurance that is needed to persons stages. The relevance to fraternity this offers is that it shows us how a healthy individual should develop through life. It is a model for us to follow to know proper developmental stages of a human being from infancy to late adulthood. It helps parents know what is the norm for there children and if maybe there is something developmentally wrong.In fourth-year adults it also helps us guide our way into later stages of life. It may help people who feel that they have not been successful in society feel that they are in the normal. They may see that they have developed and contributed to what the normal is expected. This paper helped me realize that there was such a model to develop developmental stages. I realize looking back to my adolescence years I have hit these stages and remember dealing with these problems. It also prepares me for whats ahead and what to expect in later developmental stages.Being better active for my upcoming stages should make my transitions through them much easier. ERICKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 9. References ingrained of lifespan development, John Santrock, University of Texas at Dallas, published 2008 Ericksons theory of psychosocial development, Kendra Cherry, http//psychology. about. com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial. htm Simply psychology, Erickson theory, Saul McLeod, published 2008, updated 2013. http//www. simplypsychology. org/Erik-Erikson. hypertext markup languagesthash. byyb8hC6. dpbs Personality Theories, Dr c. George Boeree. http//webspace. sh ip. edu/cgboer/erikson. html

A neo-slave narrative Essay

Often, humanness resorts to story-telling as a delegacy of reconciling with a formid competent fortuity in the past tense. By re-telling the story to an new(prenominal)(prenominal) party, he comes to accept that this is a worldly concern to be faced. He realizes that acceptance, rather than denial, is the best way of red around this trouble. Aside from the rehabilitating ability of story-telling with its contri scarcelyory effect in transaction with a nettlesome memory, some new(prenominal)s simply do this as a way of retrieve.Concretizing the past as a piece of literature would en trustworthy that the ensuant would non sound be buried in the recesses of the memory that it would be kept alive and the pains and suffering would non be without signifi dismissce. In this light, it would come clear for readers how and why the proliferation and the presence of knuckle down news reports came about. One whitethorn think that with the end of the painful era of hard workerry , all dialogues and discussion about the subject would alike desist. For the unappeas equal knuckle downs and their descendants, this was non the case.The words of Robert Crossley of the University of Massachu moldts rerated the persuasion First-person American break ones corroborate narratives should fork over ceased being written when the blend American citizen born into institutionalized buckle downry died. But the literary form has persisted, fair(a) as the legacy of slavery has persisted, into the be. To be more specific, the birth and vulgarisation of the slave narratives started in the nineteenth century. James Olney stated that distributively narrative a unique production as an archives, and is non all(prenominal) autobiography the unique tale, uniquely told, of a unique life?Therefore, the uniqueness of each narrative from the others is a quality of this genre, as it narrates the experiences of the writers which be unique to anothers. However, reli equ al partingistics are evidently sympathetic in the work to be considered a part of the genre. For one subject, it has to tell the story of a color slaves struggle for literacy and freedom, while testifying against the peculiar institution/ which in practice meant human bondage and humiliation (Gates, Introduction ix).By the sanction half of the ordinal century, a sub-genre of the slave narrative has arisen called the neo-slave narrative, it is a sham mutation of the slave narratives of nineteenth-century Americans (Crossley). This sub-set of the slave narrative genre is very similar with its umbrella genre in the sense that it consecrates ain accounts of slavery. However, the difference lies in the choice of the author to restate alert accounts, and not his own personal experiences.The authors base the structure of their fabricated work on the oral histories and existing slave narratives to make sure that the story would still echo real events in the historical sense. Th e birth of this sub-set of the slave narrative genre whitethorn be attributed to the void that it fills, or attempts to fill. Anita Wholuba in her paper utter that the chasm which is essay to be look ford and filled is the ironic presence of silence in slave narratives, despite of the voice earned by the slave narrative writers.Wholuba said that while a significant number of scholars arrest established that certain silences exist in the traditional narrative of history, neo-slave narrative authors have act themselves to the task of identifying and sounding those silences where the re give ination of the American slavery era is concerned. A saucy titled Kindred, penned by Octavia Butler, is among the body of neo-slave narratives published in the make it century. It was published in the year 1979, and speaks of an Afro-American womans sojourns to the past.The timber Dana, lives in contemporary California, but is transported back in age to the antebellum South. In her involu ntary travels to the past, she understands how difficult the situation for community before her ancestors truly was. As I was reading Kindred, I had the initial impression that it was just to be appreciated for its cognizance parable values. Although the science subdivision in this wise was not so much as it was felt in other refreshings from the same genre, her meshing of science fiction and history was an base that should be noted and lauded.In any case, what caught my attention more was the analogy Kindred has with other new(a)s we have read subsequently in the class, which were the biography of the Life of Frederic Douglass, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and Up from Slavery. Evidently, thither were characteristics of a slave narrative in the invention Kindred. However, the text didnt meet the five criteria for it to be called a slave narrative, the genre which the other works fell under.As Kindred is a work of fiction, it would course be categorized as a neo slave narrative, a idea I came to be familiar with after research. Kindred as a neo-slave narrative With the plot and ingenuous and direct language employ by Butler, Kindred could not be missed as a neo-slave narrative. Characters that are actual African-American slaves and flannel American quashs and military force inflicted on slaves are presented in the brisk. On a deeper sense, on the other hand, the fable follows the same pattern present in other slave narratives.Wholuba in the same paper added that although the text refers to other slave narratives such(prenominal) as the work written by Douglass, in an effort to explore existing themes, the impudent still manages to introduce new themes. The new themes that this novel presented, according to Wholuba still, include a more blunt analysis and depicting of the slaves struggle for sexual autonomy, the experience of middle passage, and the concept of memory. As was mentioned, the novel Kindred follows the typic patter n for a slave narrative, and this get out be the thesis of the paper.It will attempt to discuss and register the characteristics of a slave narrative present in Butlers popular piece of art. another(prenominal) writer mentioned some of the other patterns usually found in neo-slave narratives. Lysik mentioned in her essay that neo-slave narratives portrayed the vital slave culture in a positive light as it could advert as a means of surviving the brutal reality they are subjected to (Lysik). What this implicates is that the writers of the neo-slave narratives provide a new perspective in terms of expect the arduous tasks and obligations slaves have to fulfill.Most authors show how slaves then turn this other appalling condition to something that they could actually seek refuge in. First and foremost, the novel carried a prefatory statement by a person from egg white American race attesting to the authenticity of the author. The second banner which has to be well-to-do is th e movement from slavery to freedom. Kindred has been classified under slave narratives by critics as leans toward the freedom narrative category. This concept will be except discussed in the following paragraphs.Aside from this, the most obvious criterion which the novel has to satisfy is that the story should portray the physical, emotional, and spiritual deprivation of slavery. Kindred, undeniably, does not magnetic dip short on this end. As the journey through time and buns allows Dana to witness the events during the period of slavery firsthand, the novel is rich with news report regarding the struggles of the African-American slaves. Through Danas experiences, the tales of the distinguishable forms of deprivation and coercion were regaled to the readers.James and his propagation talked of this in a paper, saying that many forms of violence and intimidation were discover to be used to maintain white dominance in the slave economy through the eyes of the character of Dana . These preservation measures, so to speak, include the sexual violence against black women that was common during slavery, the assault on black families, the difficult choices that black volume were compelled to make in acts of love, survival, and resistance, and the outcomes of internalized oppression (James, et. al).A specific scene in the novel would be that time when Dana personally witnessed the beating of a slave. The slave was hunted by white patrollers because of a crime that would seem absurd for people of the modern propagation the slave was found spending time with his wife in their own chamber without the slave masters permission. The following text is lifted from the novel I could literally smell his sweat, hear every ragged breath, every cry, every cut of the whip. I could see his body jerking, convulsing, straining against the lap as his screaming went on and on.My stomach heaved, and I had to force myself to snag where I was and keep quiet. Why didnt they stop Please, Master, the man begged. For Godsake, Master, cheer I shut my eyes and tensed my muscles against an urge to vomit. I had seen people beaten on television and in the movies. I had seen the tored blood complete streaked across their backs and heard their well-rehearsed screams. But I hadnt lain near and smelled their sweat or heard them pleading and praying, shamed before their families and themselves. I was probably less prepared for the reality than the baby bird crying not far from me.(p. 36) What made the scene worse than it was already is the fact that the girlfriend of the slave was also witnessing what was happening. She was situated a few yards international from Dana, but as the character said, I was probably less prepared for the reality than the child crying not far from me, we can surmise that the child could better deal with the situation than Dana for this was not a phenomenon for her any longer. It had capture part of her reality that it is possible for her father to be punished for doing something, moreover trivial it may be, which is against their masters will.The horror of the situation in antebellum South of America then was clearly depicted in this specific scene. Danas reaction to what she witnessed represents the reactions of her fellow African-Americans and of people from different nations who equalize such inhumane violent inflictions. As Butler stiffly immix fiction and narrative in this novel, the outcome of the story-telling was as much effective as it was sincere. Another trait that must be found in the text is the element of a triggering event that pushes the slave to circumvent to be considered a neo-slave narrative.For this cross novel, in that respect were many instances which depicted this. The many times when the protagonist Dana feels the compulsion to escape can be included here. However, what would be the more fitting example here is Alice, the woman who was going to get birth to Danas ancestor. Being a slave who was coerce to withstand and mother a ruthless masters children, she was a character who was forced to the superman of brokenness of the spirit. At some point, readers will also see her desperation because of the situation. There was a time, however when Alice was determined to run by with her husband, Isaac.What triggered this was the series of beatings she had to go through and the physical assault made by Rufus on her, when Rufus who has torn Alices dress and raped her, (Butler, 117). Isaac beat their master to death because of this event, but because of Danas pleas, decided to stop and run away with Alice. However, their escape was to no avail. They were eventually recaptured, which led to more unacceptable penalization for them from the patrollers. Isaacs ears were cut off and he was sold to another family. Alice on the other hand, had to survive attacks by hunting dogs.While the desire for escape was a theme discussed many times in the text, it must also be no ted that success did not always come with it. Isaac and Alice were not the only characters who had to endure unsuccessful escapes. Two other women characters in the novel were recaptured and were subjected to more physical abuse when they attempted to leave. According to Wholuba, these failed attempts are authorised as they break-dance to readers how the slaves had to find other ways to resist or survive, when liberation is impossible for them to attain. Despite of this, there was one character who was able to manage a successful escape.Though she had lost her arm in the process of going back to the real world she belonged in, she was able to create freedom from Rufus nonetheless. As another trait of slave narratives is that there is a situation which depicts liberation, or escaping to freedom, which is often followed by a renaming. In Danas case, changing her name did not transpire after the escape. The shift that took place in this context was the shift in her attitudes and un derstanding. Her character can be actually accused of being too oblivious to the events in her peoples past, which can only be a good thing to an extent.She is married to Kevin, a white American, who may also be discredited of the same thing. The blissful marriage between the two despite their racial differences should not be the main point of discussion whereas, it should be set on the seemingly it-happened-so-long-ago-it-should-not-affect-us-anymore attitude of the interracial couple. However, after her numerous trips back to antebellum Maryland, she was forced to open her eyes and mind to what her ancestors had to go through. The situations had forced her to remember, to understand from the viewpoint of a slave who endured the slavery period.With this, she was able to bind what used to be different for her her current life as a modern woman engaged in an interracial relationship, and the history and experiences of her ancestors. looking at it, the couple Dana and Kevin may be representing the African-Americans in the modern times, who do not look back anymore at what happened in the past. This novel then, may serve as a reminder for them that the past should not be forgotten, but rather should be immortalized for the lessons that have been begotten from it. advert of the novelClearly, Butler was able to evoke positive reactions and was actually able to initiate smorgasbord over on the part of her readers. The most palpable sort that she was able to make is to remind her fellow African-American readers of their past and have a change of heart and attitude toward their past. Crossley also observed this change that Butler facilitated with this novel. According to him, Butler has deployed the genres conventions to tell stories with a political and sociological edge to them, stories that speak to issues, feelings, and historical truths arising out of African-American experience. As I have mentioned in the preceding paragraph, she makes the readers underst and that the past should not be forgotten because of the pains that it may rekindle. The novel reinforces that remembering the past would not the allow struggles of their ancestors to be left to disintegrate in vain. The purpose that their sufferings serve would be kept alive, and that is to comprehend the mistakes of the past to foreclose any similar event to happen again. Another interesting point that Crossley raised in his essay was that Butler, through the novel Kindred, was able to reveal the connection between history and the current diseases of the society.She boldly exposed different forms of chauvinism and explained how these are enriched by a historical consciousness that shapes the moving picture of enslavement both in the real past and in imaginary number pasts and futures, and enact struggles for personal freedom and cultural pluralism, (Crossle). In conclusion, Kindred is a novel that goes beyond satisfying the extrinsic values of a science fiction novel. The words expressed by James and his fellow authors can best summarize what the novel does to a reader Readers can espy many parallels inour own search for truth about this painful history, and we are moved to consider how powerfully and inextricably we are abut to the lives of our ancestors how racism, denial, myth-making, and racial stereotypes have influenced our understanding of our cultural heritage how the past shapes our present reality how revisiting a painful past can lead toward ameliorate and how we can best use our historical memory to move preliminary (James, et. al). Summary Neo-slave narratives, which is a sub-genre of the slave narrative, proliferated by the second half of the twentieth century.The neo-slave narrative genre is very similar with its umbrella genre, which is the slave narrative, in the sense that it presents personal accounts of slavery. However, the difference lies in the choice of the author to fictionalize existing accounts, and not his own personal expe riences. The authors base the structure of their fictional work on the oral histories and existing slave narratives to make sure that the story would still echo true events in the historical sense. A novel titled Kindred, penned by Octavia Butler, is among the body of neo-slave narratives published in the last century.It was published in the year 1979, and speaks of an African-American womans sojourns to the past. Evidently, there were characteristics of a slave narrative in the novel Kindred. However, the text didnt meet the five criteria for it to be called a slave narrative, the genre which the other works fell under. As Kindred is a work of fiction, it would of course be categorized as a neo slave narrative, a concept I came to be familiar with after research. With the plot and simple and direct language employed by Butler, Kindred could not be missed as a neo-slave narrative.Characters that are actual African-American slaves and Caucasian American masters and violence inflicte d on slaves are presented in the novel. On a deeper sense, on the other hand, the novel follows the same pattern present in other slave narratives. As was mentioned, the novel Kindred follows the typical pattern for a slave narrative, and this will be the thesis of the paper. It will attempt to discuss and prove the characteristics of a slave narrative present in Butlers popular piece of art. First and foremost, the novel carried a prefatory statement by a person from Caucasian American race attesting to the authenticity of the author.The second criterion which has to be snug is the movement from slavery to freedom. Kindred has been classified under slave narratives by critics as leans toward the freedom narrative category. Aside from this, the most obvious criterion which the novel has to satisfy is that the story should portray the physical, emotional, and spiritual deprivation of slavery. Kindred, undeniably, does not fall short on this end. As the journey through time and space allows Dana to witness the events during the period of slavery firsthand, the novel is rich with narration regarding the struggles of the African-American slaves.Through Danas experiences, the tales of the different forms of deprivation and coercion were regaled to the readers. Another trait that must be found in the text is the element of a triggering event that pushes the slave to escape to be considered a neo-slave narrative. For this particular novel, there were many instances which depicted this. The many times when the protagonist Dana feels the need to escape can be included here. Aside from this, another trait of slave narratives is that there is a situation which depicts liberation, or escaping to freedom, which is often followed by a renaming, was also present in the novel.In Danas case, changing her name did not transpire after the escape. The shift that took place in this context was the shift in her attitudes and understanding. In conclusion, Kindred is a novel that go es beyond satisfying the extrinsic values of a science fiction novel. More importantly, Butler was able to evoke positive reactions and was actually able to initiate change on the part of her readers. The most palpable change that she was able to make is to remind her fellow African-American readers of their past and have a change of heart and attitude toward their past.

Explorer Persuasive Research Essay Essay

The world is full of umteen explorers, oftentimes of m whatsoever who honestly are unqualified and are worthless, as explorers. In contrast, formerly they do a single intimacy that is miraculous and they change the blameless perspective of who they are and what they are really capable of. Out of any explorer out there my explorer is beyond the best explorer, non only for what he has done, but for his very own pick out. My explorers pick out is Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca, which in contrast from every other explorer has the coolest and weirdest call down out there.For creationy a(prenominal) of you who dont necessarily know what Cabeza de Vaca means, it means Cow head. Although his name was weird and funny catching, he also was the first to do much of many things, like being the first European to describe the States from Florida through Arizona. His writing is the oldest out of any other about write up we have of the Native Americans, and he hardened out the stage for the subjugation of this continent. Many great deal wonder how come he got the name of Cabeza de Vaca, or Head of a Cow. Its strange to have a name like that because there is no reflection and there is no chaste behind it, and no one can ever imagine having a name like that. The way he got his name, only if shows how much of a cool explorer he really was. He was born in 1490 into Spanish nobility.His ancestors had long been warriors, which continued for generations. One of his ancestors got that name after he was victorious in a battle after following a trail marked with cow skulls. This name stuck with him and continued on to Alvar Nunez. This name distinguished him as a fine officer in battles. He was immune to suffering. This gave him his popularity and a name to be known as, which unlike any other explorer is something not many others have thus reservation him the best. Cow Head, was the first European to describe America from Florida through Arizona. In June 17, 1527 He leaves Spain with 299 other workforce and his captain, where he was appointed crown treasurer of the expedition, which was an important position.During this exploration, Vaca lived various events, which led to the description of it in its own. He set forth villages he saw, how he survived and what Americas Natives told him at various places along his way. This description influenced Coronado and DeSoto two men who changed this continent forever. An explorer who lives extreme adventures, describes and influences men who changed this continent, is one amazing thing that not all explorers did, which further more(prenominal) proves that this Cow Head guy is the best without doubt. If he hadnt influenced anyone, these changes on the continent wouldnt have happened, and whether that could have been a good thing or not, it changed our way of life now. His writings were the oldest, but had the most meaning(prenominal) information on the Indians. These were people who the Spanish had to defeat or enlighten peace with to conquer this newborn world of the Americas.Vacas writing gave new explorers detailed information, about who the Indians were and how to live among them. This gave a great advantage to the Spanish, because Vaca set the stage or mood to conquer these people. His explorations and discoveries led to the defeat and wear of a new world that wasnt yet known. Other people may have discovered the Americas, but they didnt conquer it, and although Vaca didnt do it physically, he did it through the course of his time there, because he analyzed, composed, and delivered. Cabeza de Vaca, the man who inherited the name of Head of a Cow, was the best explorer.He make possible everything that is today, for his adventure changed the continent through his writing and the people who he influenced. He experienced many triumphs and amazing occasions, in which he is swell up known to this day for. So the next time you think of a great explorer, dont think about someone who ju st got lucky, but think of Vaca and all of the great, historical achievements he still leads on to this day.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 29~30

CHAPTER TWENTY-NINETalking Up the DeadNate hadnt fulfiln his old t separatelyer, Gerard utter Ryder, in fourteen tenacious conviction, exactly chuck tote up forward for the occurrence t wear he was precise pale, the biologist looked exactly the resembling as Nate remembered him superficial(a) and powerful, a b devour place resembling a knife, and a yen swoop of gray sensory hair that was al steerings threa exing to f either into his pale green eyes.Youre the Col integrity and completely(a)l? Nate posited. Ryder had disappe underside twelve years ago. Lost at sea in the Aleutians.I toyed with the title for a while. For a week or so I was Man-Meat the Magnificent, except I public opinion that dependableed give c be I might be compen sit chargeing for more or less(prenominal) amour, so I persistent to go with well-nigh amour military-sounding. It was a toss-up between Captain Nemo from cardinal Thousand Leagues and Col championl Kurtz from Heart of Dark ness. I fin on the wholey decided to go with beneficial the Col championl. Its more ominous.That it is. Once again reality was victorious a contextual tilt for Nate, and he was establishing to keep from f distri exclusivelyively(prenominal)ing. This once brilliant, brilliant opus was sitting in a mass of goo lambasting slightly choosing his megalomaniacal pseudonym.Sorry to keep you waiting for so pertinacious forrader I brought you pig micturateher. solely instantly that youre here, hows it nonice to stand in the presence of God?Respectfully, sir, youre a fucking squirrel.This doesnt feel reform, stiff whisper to Libby Quinn. We shouldnt be having a funeral when Nates still alive.Its non a funeral, tell Libby. Its a service.They were individu eithery(prenominal) there at the Whale Sanctuary. In the front actors line stiff, Libby, Marg bet, Kona, Clair, and the Old abundant. Moving ski binding free f each Hyland and Tar pee with their tea leafm, the Count a nd his research grommets, Jon doubting doubting Thomas Fuller and t stunned ensemble of the Hawaii Whale Inc. gravy holder crews, which constituted intimately thirty people. On sanction colossus cops, bartenders, and a couple of waitresses from Longees. From the value live-aboards and charter captains, the harbormaster, booth little girls and dive guides, boat brings and a guy wire who goed the c withdrawee counter at the fuel dock. Also, researchers from the University of Hawaii and, strangely copious, ii black-coral diverse entirely crowded into the lecture hall, the ceiling fans stirring their smells unneurotic into the withaling breeze. system had scheduled the service in the evening so the researchers wouldnt miss a twenty-four hours of the research season.Still, utter form.He was a lion, said Kona, a tear g gravel careing in his eye. A spacious lion. This was the highest compli buy the farm forcet a Rastafarian fecal matter bestow upon a man.Hes non dead, said Clay. You hunch constantlyyplace that, you doof.Still, said KonaIt was a Hawaiian funeral in that every(prenominal) integrity was in flip-flops and shorts, only the men had put on their best aloha shirts, the women their crispest blossom dresses, and many had brought leis and head garlands, which they draped oer the wreaths at the front of the board that represented Nathan Quinn and Amy Earhart. A Unity Church see spoke for ten minutes slightly God and the sea and science and dedication, and thusly he opened up the floor to any unmatched who had mostthing to learn. there was a very ache pause forward the Old Broad, wearing a smiling- giant star-print muumuu and a dozen w frittere orchids in her hair, tottered to the podium.Nathan Quinn lives on, she said.Can I claim an amen yelled Kona. Clair yanked his remaining dreadlocks. solely the biologists and grad students looked at each other(a), eyes wide, confused, enquire if any of them had actually brought an amen that they could give up. No one had told them they were qualifying to unavoid adaptedness an amen, or they would drive packed one. tout ensemble the harbor people and Lahaina citizens were scare by the science people, and they were non or so to give up an amen in front of all of these eggheads, no turn tail. The hunt cops didnt give care the circumstance that Kona was not in jail, and they werent giving him shit, let alone an amen. Finally one of the black-coral divers who had that night found the perfect cocktail for grieving in a hit of ecstasy, a joint, and a forty of malt liquor, sighed a feeble Amen over the mourners interchangeable a sleepy, stinky, morning-breath kiss.And I cheat, continued the Old Broad, that if it were not for his self-control in procuring a pastrami on rye for that singer in the channel, he would be here with us today.But if he were here with us whispered Clair.Shhhhhh, shushed Margaret Painborne.Dont you shush me, or youll be mu nching carpet through a straw.Please, honey, said Clay.The Old Broad rambled on roughly talk to the whales every day for the last twenty-five years, astir(predicate) how shed kn stimulate Nate and Clay and Cliff when they firstborn came to the island and how young and stupid they were whence, and how that had changed, as now they werent that young anymore. She talked about what a thoughtful and considerate man Nate was, moreover how, if he hadnt been so absentminded, he might eat up found a becoming woman to lovemaking him, and how she didnt know where he was, provided if he didnt get his butt defend to Maui soon, she would twist his ear off when she dictum him. And hence she sit charge to resounding silence and tittering pity, and everyone looked at Clay, who looked at a ceiling fan.After a long, awkward minute, when the Unity minister had to head-fake to the podium a couple of prison terms, as if he would make to call a conclusion to the service, gigabyte Box the Count got up. He wasnt wearing his hat for once, but he still wore his behemoth wrap pay offeous about sunspectacles, and without the balance of the giant hat, the glasses atop his angular frame made him appear insectlike, a peculiarly pale praying mantis in khakis. He ad up secureed the microphone, cleared his throat with great pomp, and said, I neer liked Nathan Quinn And everyone waited for the but, but it never came. Gilbert Box nodded to the crowd and sat back down. Gilberts grommets applauded.Cliff Hyland spoke abutting, talking for ten minutes about what a great guy and beauteous researcher Nate was. hence Libby actually went forward and spoke at space about Nates Canadianness and how he had once defended the Great Seal of British capital of South Carolina as creationness superior to all the other provincial seals in that it depicted a moose and a ram smoking a hookah, portraying a spirit of cooperation and tolerance, while Ontarios seal depicted a moose and an elk trying to eat a bear, and Saskatchewans showed a moose and a lion stage setting drive out to a fondue crazyweed both of which clearly exploited the innate Canadian fear of moose and the seal of Quebec depicted a woman in a toga twinkle one of her boobs at a lion, which was barely fucking French. Hed named all the provinces and their seals, but those were the ones Libby could remember. because Libby sniffled and sat down.Thats what you could scratch up with? hissed Clay. What, five years of pairing?Libby whispered in his ear, I had to go with something that wouldnt threaten Margaret. I dont see you storming the podium.Im not going to talk about my dead friend when I dont hark back hes dead.And before they k juvenile it, Jon Thomas Fuller was at the podium being thankful for Nates support for his new vagabond, then going on about how much he appreciated how the whale-research community had gotten behind his new mahimahi interaction center, all of which was turgid news to the whale-research community who was listen. During the short speech, Clair had caught Clays discern in what appeared to be an embrace of consolation but was in fact a choke hold shed learned from notice cops on the news. Baby, if you try to go after him, Ill harbor you unconscious on the floor in three seconds. That would be disrespectful to Nates memory. But her effort left Kona unsupervised on the other side, and he managed to cough Bullshit as Jon Thomas took his seat.Next a grad student who worked for Cliff Hyland stood and talked about how Nates work had inspired her to go into the field. thusly someone from the Hawaiian De bulge outment of conservation and Resources talked about how Nate had al meanss been at the forefront of conservation and treasureion of the humpbacks. Then the harbormaster talked about Nates being a competent and conscientious boat pilot. All told, an hour had passed, and when it seemed obvious that no one else was going to stand u p, the minister moved toward the podium but was beaten to it by Kona, who had slipped from Clairs steely magnetize and high-stepped his way to the front.Like old Auntie say, Nathan is living on. But no one here today say a thing about the Snowy Biscuit, who Jahs mercy be on her is feeding fishes in the briny blue about now. (Sniff.) I know her only short time, but I think I can say for all of us, that I al shipway want to see her naked. Truth, mon. And when I think upon the round, theatre she ordain be missed, Clay said, finishing for the faux Hawaiian. He had clamped a consecrate over Konas mouth and was dragging him out the door. She was a knowing kid. With that, the minister jumped to the podium, thanked everyone for coming, and declared, with a prayer, all respects paid in full. Amen.Well, yes, amiable health can be a problem, said let out Ryder. creation Gods conscience is a tough job.Nate looked around, and, as if following his gaze, the liquid ecstasy rece ded around them until they were in a chamber about fifteen feet in diameter a bubble. It was like camping in someones bladder, Nate thought.That better? Ryder asked.Nate realized that the Colonel was the one controlling the shape of the chamber they were in.Someplace to sit would be good.The oozing behind Nate shaped itself into a chaise longue. Nate touched it tentatively, expecting to pull his hand back trailing strings of oozing, but although the scoop glistened as if it were wet, on the chair it matte up dry. Warm and icky, but dry. He sat down on the chaise. Everyone thinks youre dead, Nate said.You, too.Nate hadnt thought about it much, but, of course, the Colonel had to be right. They would hold back thought him long dead.Youve been here since you disappeared, what, twelve years ago?Yes, they took me with a modified right whale, ate my whole Zodiac, my equipment everything. They brought me here in a blue whale. I went mad during the trip. Couldnt handle the whole judgement of it. They kept me restrained most of the way here. Im sure that didnt armed service. Ryder shrugged. I got better, once I accepted the way things are down here. I beneathstood why they took me.And that would be?The homogeneous reason they took you. I was about to figure out their existence from what was surreptitious in the signal of different whale calls. They took both of us to nurture the whale sends and, ultimately, the scoop. We should be grateful they didnt just kill us.Nate had wondered about that before. why the trouble? Okay, why didnt they?Well, they took me alive because the Goo and the people here precious to know what I knew, and by what course of instruction I came to suspect the matter in the whale calls. They took you alive because I ordered it so.why?What do you mean, why? Because we were colleagues, because I taught you, because youre bright and intuitive and I liked you and Im a decent guy. Why? Fuck you, why? Growl, you live in a slime lair and maintain an identity as the mysterious overlord of an sub rangeace city, you command a fleet of meat dreadnaughts with crews of homooid whale people, and youre shortly reclining in a pulsating mass of gelatinous goo that looks like it fly from hells own Jell-O mold so excuse the fuck out of me if I question your motives.Okay, good point. Can I get you something to insobriety?Like many scientists Nate had known, Ryder had plodded on only to realize midcourse that hed forgotten accredited social smoothties practiced by other civilized humans, but in this case he was completely missing the point. No, I dont deprivation anything to make merry. I study to know how this happened. What is this overgorge? Youre a biologist, Growl, you have to have been amusing about this.Im still curious. But what I do know is that this stuff makes up everything in Gooville, everything youve seen here, the buildings, the corridors, most of the machinery although I guess youd call it bio machinery all of it is the Goo. One giant, all-encompassing organism. It can form itself into nearly any organism on macrocosm, and it can design new organisms as the need arises. The Goo made the whale ships and the whaley boys. And heres the kicker, Nate It didnt make them over thirty million years. The broad(a) species isnt more than three carbon years old.Thats not possible, Nate said. thither were certain(prenominal) things that you accepted if you were going to be a biologist, and one of them was that complex lifespan was a exercise of evolution by natural selection, that you got a new species because the genes that favored survival in a certain environment were replicated in that species, selected by being passed on, often a process that took millions of years. You didnt put in your order and pick up a new species at the window. There was no cosmic boor cook, there was no watchmaker, there was no designer. There was only process and time. How could you possibly know that anyway?I just know things by being in contact with the Goo, but Im not far off. It might be less time ii hundred years.Two hundred years? The whaley boys are definitely sensate by any definition, and I dont even know what the whale ships are, but theyre definitely alive, too. That kind of complexity doesnt happen in that short a time.No, Id say the Goo has believably been here as long as three and a half jillion years. The rocks around these caves are some of the oldest in the world. Im just saying the whaley boys and the ships are new. Theyre only a fewer hundred years old because thats how long ago the Goo infallible them.The Goo demand them, so it made them to serve it? Like it has will?It does have will. Its self-aware, and it knows a lot. In fact, Id venture to say that the Goo is a repository for every bit of biological knowledge on the planet. This, Nate, this Goo is as close to God as we are ever going to see. Its the perfect soup.As in primordial soup?Precis ely. Four billion years ago some sizeable organic molecules grouped up, probably around some deep-sea source of geothermal heat, and they learned how to divide, how to replicate. Since takings is the name of lifes game, it very quickly probably in the span of less than a hundred million years covered the entire planet. colossal organic molecules that couldnt exist now because there are millions of bacteria that would eat them, but back then there were no bacteria. At one time the entire marineic surface of the earth was populated by one single living thing that had learned to replicate itself. Sure, as the replicators were exposed to different conditions they mutated, they developed into new species, they fed on each other, some colonized each other and turned into complex savages, and then more complex animals, but part of that professional living animal pulled back into its original niche. By this time chemical information was being exchanged first by UNA, then by DN A and as each new species evolved, it carried on all the information for making the next species, and that information came back to the original animal. But it had its safe niche, pulling heartiness from the earths heat, render in the deep ocean and by rock. It took in all the information from the animals that it came in contact with, but it changed only enough to protect itself, replicate itself. While a million million species lived and died in the sea, this original animal evolved very slowly, learning, always learning. Think of it, Nate Within the cells of your body is not only the blueprint for every living thing on earth but everything that has ever lived. Ninety-eight percent of your DNA is just hitching a ride, just lucky little genes that were smart enough to align themselves to other successful genes, like marrying into notes, if you will. But the Goo, not only does it have all of those genes, it has the diagram to turn them on and off. That seat youre sitting on whi tethorn well be three billion years old.Nate suddenly felt something hed felt before only when waking up in a hotel with the bedspread pulled up around his face a deep and dear(p) hope, motivated by disgust, that in all the time it had been there, someone had cleaned the cat genetic material from it. He stood up, just for safety. How could you possibly know this, Growl? It goes against everything we know about evolution.No it doesnt. It completely fits. Yes, a complex process like life can develop, given enough time, but we overly know that an animal that fits perfectly into its niche isnt pressured to change. Sharks have remained basically the same for a hundred million years, the chambered nautilus for five hundred million. Well, youre just looking for at the animal that found its niche first. The first animal, the source.Nate shook his head at the magnitude of it. You might be able to explain the evolutionary path being preserved, but you cant explain consciousness, analytica l thought, processes that require a very complex mechanism to perform. You cant pull off that sort of complexity of function with big, fluffy organic molecules.The molecules have evolved, but they remembered. The Goo is a complex, if amorphous, life form there are no analogs for it. Everything is a model of it, and nothing is a model of it.Nate stepped back from the Colonel, and the Goo flexed to make room for him. The movement gave him a brief moment of vertigo, and he lost his balance. The Goo caught him, the surface moving forward against his shoulder blades just enough to steady him on his feet. Nate whipped around quickly and the Goo pulled back. God, thats creepy-crawlyThere you go, Nate. Aware. Youd be amazed at what the Goo knows at what it can tell us. You can have a life here, Nate. Youll see things here you would never see, youll do things you could never do. And in the process you can encourage me unravel the greatest biological riddle in the history of the world.I t hink youre supposed to laugh manically after saying something like that, Colonel.If you help me, Ill give you what youve always wanted.Despite what you think, what I want is to go home.Thats not going to happen, Nate. not ever. Youre a bright man, so I wont vex you by pretending the circumstances are any different than they are You are not ever going to leave these caverns alive, so now you have to make the decision of how you want to spend your life. You can have everything here that you could have on the surface much more, in fact but youre not leaving.Well, in that case, Colonel, see if you can get your giant booger to duplicate you so you can go fuck yourself.I know what the whale song means, Nate. I know what its for. Nate felt as if hed been sucker-punched by his own obsession, but he tried not to show the impact.Doesnt rattling matter now, does it?I understand. You condition a little time to work into the idea, Nate, but there is some urgency. This isnt just standing back and collecting data we need to do something. I want your help. Well talk soon.The Goo came down and seemed to envelop the Colonel. There was a sound like ripping paper, and a long, pink tunnel opened behind Nate, trail all the way to the iris door through which hed entered. He took one last look over his shoulder, but there was nothing except Goo, Ryder was gone.Nate was met in the hall by the ii big killer whaley boys, who took one look at his face, then looked at each other, then snickered, with big toothy grins. Emily 7 was nowhere to be seen.Hes a fucking squirrel, Nate said.The whaley boys went into reedy fits of laughter, doubling over as they led Nate down the corridor and back to the grotto. govern what you want, Nate thought. The Goo designed these guys to enjoy themselves.As soon as Nate entered the apartment, he knew he wasnt alone. There was a smell there, and not just the present ocean smell that permeated the whole grotto, but a sweeter, artificial smell. He quickly checked the main living rooms and the bathroom. When the portal to the sleeping accommodation opened, he could see a shape under the covers in his forficate bed. The biolighting hadnt come on in the bedroom as usual. Nate sighed. The shape under the covers nuzzled into the corner of the bed exactly the way she had on the whale ship.Emily 7, you are a lovely ah person, unfeignedly, but Im He was what? He had no idea what he was going to say. He was just trying to get to know himself better? He needed some space? But then he realized that whatever, whoever was under the sheets was too small to be the capture whaley boy. Nuez, he thought. This was going to be worse than Emily 7. Nuez was really his only human contact in Gooville, even if she was working for the cause. He didnt want to change her. He couldnt afford to. He moved into the room, trying to think of a way that this could possibly not make things worse.Look, I know that weve dog-tired a lot of time to gether, and I like you, I really do Good, said Amy, throwing back the covers. I like you, too. You coming in?CHAPTER THIRTYMotherflukerClay and Kona had spent the day cleaning the muck out of the raised-from-the-deep Always Confused. Now Clay stood on the break water supply at the Lahaina Harbor, watching the sun bubble red into the pacific and throw purple fire over the island. He was feeling that particular mix of melancholic and tempestuousness that usually comes with drinking coffee and Irish whiskey at the airstream of someone you never knew, and it usually ends in a fight. He felt as if he should do something, but he didnt know what. He needed to move, but he didnt know where. Libby had confirmed that the last communicate about Nate had been recorded more than a week after hed disappeared, and it seemed to be more evidence that Nate had survived his ordeal in the channel, but where was he? How do you rush in to save someone when you dont know where he is? All their anal ysis of the tapes since then had yielded nothing but whale calls. Clay was lost.What you doing? Kona, shoeless and smelling of bleach, came up behind him.Im waiting for the green flash. He wasnt, really, but sometimes, just as the sun dipped below the horizon, it happened. He needed something to happen.Yeah, I seen that. What cause that?Uh, well and that was another thing, he didnt have enough of a handle on the natural sciences to keep this whole project going I believe as the sun disappears under the horizon, the rest period spectrum bounces off the mucusphere, thus causing the green flash.Yah, mon. The mucusphere.Its science, said Clay, knowing that it wasnt science.When the boat clean, then we going out, record whales and like dat?Good question, Clay thought. He could collect the data, but he didnt have the knowledge inevitable to analyze it. He had hoped that Amy would do that.I dont know. If we let Nate, mayhap.You think he still living, then? Even after all this tim e?Yeah. I hope. I guess we should keep up the work until we can obtain him.Yeah. Nate say them Japanese going to kill our minkes if you dont work hard.Minke whales, yeah. Ive been on one of their ships. Norwegians, too.Thats some evil fuckery. maybe. The minke herd is large. Theyre not endangered. The Japanese and the Norwegians arent really taking enough of them to hurt the population, so why shouldnt we let them hunt them? I mean, whats the argument for demoteping them? Because whales are cute? The Chinese fry kitties we dont resist them.The Chinese fry kitties?Im not saying I agree with cleansing them, but we really dont have a good argument.The Chinese fry kitties? Konas phonate was acquire higher each time he spoke.Maybe some of the work we do here can prove that these animals have culture, that theyre closer to us than they perceive. Then well have an argument.Kitties? Like, little meow kitties? They just fry them? Clay was musing, watching the sunset and feeling sad and frustrated, and language came out of him like a long, rambling sigh Of course, when I was on the whaling ship, I saw how the Japanese whalers looked at the animals. They see them as fish. No more or less than a tuna. But I was photographing a sperm-whale mother and her calfskin, and the calf got separated from the pod. The mother came back to get the calf and pushed it away from our Zodiac. The whalers were visibly moved. They recognize that mother/child behavior. It wasnt fish behavior. So its not a lost cause.Kitties? Kona sighed, taking on the same nuance of resignation that Clay had used.Yeah, said Clay.So how we going to find Nate so we can do good work and save them humpies and minkes?Is that what were doing?No. Not now. Now we just watching for a green flash.I dont know any science, Kona. I made that up, about the green flash.Ah, I didnt know. knowledge you dont know just looks like magic.I dont believe in magic.Oh, brah, dont say dat. Magic come bite you in the ass for sure. You going to need my help for sure now.Clay felt some of the weight of his melancholy lift by sharing a moment with the surfer, but his need to act was worrying at him like a flea in the ear. Lets take a drive up-country, Kona.They really fry kitties in China? Kona said, his voice so high now that dogs living around the harbor winced.Amy, what, how what? The lights had come up, and Nate could see that it was Amy in his bed. It was a lot of Amy that he hadnt seen before.They took me, Nate. expert like you. A few days later. It was horrible. Quick, hold me.A whale ship ate you, too?Yes, just like you. Hold me, Im so afraid.And they brought you all the way here?Yes, just like you, only its worse for a dame. I feel so so naked. Hold me. Dame? No one says dame anymore.Well, African-American, then.You are not African-American.I cant remember all the politically jog terms. Christ, Nate, what do you need, a diagram? Crawl in. Amy flapped the covers, threw them back, then stru ck a cheesecake pose, grinning.But Nate backed away. You put your head in the water to listen for the whale. The only other person I ever saw do that was Ryder.Look at my tan line, Nate. She danced her fingertips over her tan line, which to Nate looked more like a beige line. Nevertheless, she had his attention. Ive never had a tan line before.AmyWhatYou set me upIm naked over here. Havent you thought about that?Yes, but Ha You admit it. I was your research assistant. You had firing power over me. in time there you are, mentation about me naked.You are naked.Ha I think Ive made my point.That ha thing is unprofessional, Amy.Dont care. I no longer work for you, and you are not the boss of me anymore, and furthermore, look at this butt. She rolled over. He did. She looked back over her shoulder and grinned. HaStop that. He looked at the wall. You spied on me. You caused all this to happen.Dont be ridiculous. I was just part of it, but all that is forgiven. Look how luscious I am. A my did a presentation wave over herself, as if Nate had just won her in a game show.Would you stop that? Nate reached over and pulled the covers up to her chin.Lus-cious, she said, pulling the covers down, revealing a breast with each syllable.Nate walked out of the room. Put on some clothes and come out here. Im not going to try to talk to you like that.Fine, dont talk, she called after him. Just crawl in.Youre just bait, he called from the kitchen.Hey, buster, Im not that young.This conversation is over until you come out here fully dressed. Nate sat down at his little dining table and tried to will away his erection.What are you, some kind of fruitcake, some kind of sissy boy, some kind of fairy, huh?Yes, thats it, Nate said.For a moment nothing but quiet from the bedroom. Then Oh, my God, I feel like such a maroon. Her voice was softer now. She came stumbling out of the bedroom, the sheet disguised around her. Im really sorry, Nate. I had no idea. You seemed so interested. I w ouldnt have Ha Nate said. See how it feels.The Old Broad had given them iced ginger tea and set Kona up at one of her telescopes to look at the moon. She sat down next to Clay on the lanai and they listened to the night for a while.Its nice up here, Clay said. I dont think Ive been up here at night before.Clay, Im usually in bed by now, so I hope you dont think me dense if I get things clear in my mind.Of course not, Elizabeth.Thank you. As I see it, for years you and Nate have been verbalize everyone that Im a nut job because I said I could communicate with whales. Now you drive up here in a froth in the middle of the night to deliver the earth-shattering news that what Ive been telling you all along is possible? She leaned her chin on her fist and looked panoptic at Clay. That about right?We never called you a nut job, Elizabeth, Clay said. Thats an overstatement.Doesnt matter, Clay. Im not mad. She sipped her tea. And Im not angry either. Ive been in these islands a ver y long time, Clay, and Ive lived on the side of this volcano for most of it. Ive spent more time looking down on that channel than most people have spent on the planet, but not once did you or Nate ask me why. Didnt want to look a gift horse in the mouth, I guess. Easier to think I was just a few bananas short of a bunch than to ask me why I was interested.Clay felt worn spot running down the small of his back. Hed been uncomfortable around the Old Broad before, but in a to bigy different way the way one feels when a matron aunt pinches your cheek and starts to ramble inanely about the old days, not like this. This was like getting sandbagged by a prosecutor. I dont think that Nate or I could answer that question, Elizabeth, so its not out of order that we didnt ask you.Thats a load a chisel balls, old Auntie, Kona said, not looking away from the eye art object of the eight-inch mirror telescope.Hes a sweet boy, the Old Broad said. Clay, you know that Mr. Robinson was in the na vy. Did I ever tell you what it was that he did?No, maam, I just assumed he was an officer.I can understand how you might think that, but all the money came from my family. No, sweetheart, he was a noncom, a chief petty officer, a echo sounder man. In fact, Im told he was the best sonar man in the navy at the time.Im sure he was, Elizabeth, but Shut up, Clay. You came here for help, Im fate you.Yes, maam. Clay closed(a) up. jam that was Mr. Robinsons first name he love to listen to the humpbacks. He said they made his job a diddlysquat sight harder, but he loved them. We were stationed in Honolulu then, but submarine crews were on and off on hundred-day duty shifts, so when he would have time in port, we would come over to Maui, rent a boat, and go out in the channel. He wanted me to be part of the world he lived in all the time the world of sound under the sea. You can understand that, cant you, Clay?Of course. But Clay was getting a not-so-good feeling about this tr ip down memory lane. He had things he needed to know, but he wasnt sure that this was part of them.Thats when I bought Papa Lani with some of my fathers money. We thought wed live there full-time eventually, maybe turn it into a hotel. Anyway, one day crowd and I decided to rent a little powerboat and camp on the ocean side of Lanai. It was a calm day and an easy trip. On our way over, a big humpback came up beside the boat. It even seemed to change course when we did. James slowed down so we could stay with our new friend. There were no rules then about getting close to the whales like there are now. We didnt even know we were supposed to save them back then, but James loved the humpbacks, and I had come to as well.There was no one but the pineapple-company workers on Lanai at that time, so we found a tatterdemalion beach where we thought wed build a fire, cook some dinner, drink highballs from tin cups, swim naked, and you know, make love on the beach. See there, Ive blow out o f the water you.No you havent, said Clay.Yes I have. Im sorry.No you havent. Really, Im fine, tell the story. Old ladies, he thought.When the trade winds came up that evening, we pitched the tent a little ways off the beach in a small canyon sheltered from the wind. Well, I gave James my best hummer, and he fell asleep right away.Clay choked on his iced tea.Oh, my dear, did an ice cube go down the wrong pipe? Kona, come here and Heimlich Clay, dear.No, Im fine. Clay waved the surfer away. Really, Im okay. crying streamed down his cheeks, and he wiped his nose on his shirttail. He was suddenly fantastically grateful he hadnt brought Clair. Just need to catch my breath.Kona sat down cross-legged at their feet, having suddenly found that he was interested in history. Go ahead, old Auntie.Well, I got a little bit of a headache. So I decided to go back to the boat to get an aspirin from the first-aid kit. Come to think of it, it must have been from the tension in my neck. I always got a crick in my neck when I did that, but James loved it so.Jesus, Elizabeth, would you get on with the story, Clay said.Im sorry, dear, Ive ball over you, havent I?No, Im fine. Im just curious to find out what happened.Well, as long as I didnt shock you. I suppose I should be more discreet in front of the boy, but it is part of the story.No, please. What happened on the beach?You know, we could fuck like mad monkeys, all night long, and it never gave me a headache, but one The beach, please.When I got to the beach, there were two men near the boat. It looked like they were doing something to the engine. I ducked behind a rock before they saw me. I watched them in the moonlight, a short one and the tallish one. The tall one seemed to be wearing some sort of helmet or diving suit. But then the short one said something, and the tall one started laughing snickering, really and I saw his face in the moonlight. It wasnt a helmet, Clay. It was a face a smooth, shiny face, with a underdress full of teeth. I could see the teeth even from where I was. It wasnt human, Clay.Well, I went back and woke James, told him he had to come see. I took him back to my privateness place. The two men, or the man and that thing were still there, but behind them, right there almost on the beach, was also a humpback, a big one. The water couldnt have been ten feet deep where he was, yet he was sitting there calm as could be.Well, all James saw was the two men messing with our boat. We had drunk quite a few cocktails, I guess, and James had his big, strong man act to do. He told me to stay where I was and not to move for anything. Then he went after them shouting at the top of his lungs for them to get away. The tall one, the nonhuman thing, dove under the water right away, but the man looked around like hed been trapped. He started wade out toward the whale, and James went right in after him. Then, at last, James saw the whale. He just stopped there in the surf and looked. Thats when the thing came up out of the water behind him. Suddenly it was just there, looming behind James. I wanted to yell, but I was so afraid. The thing, it hit James with something, maybe a rock, and he fell forward into the water. Then I screamed for all I was worth, but Im not sure they even heard me over the noise of the wind and the surf.The man took one of Jamess arms, the thing the other, and they swam to the whale with James in tow. Then, Clay, as crazy as this sounds, this is what happened That whale rolled over, and they stuffed James into it, back by the genital slit, I think. Then they both crawled into it as well. Then the whale kicked its tail until it was in deeper water and swam away. I never saw my husband again. The Old Broad took Clays hand and squeezed it. I swear to you, thats how it happened, Clay.Clay didnt know what to say. Over the years shed said a lot of crazy-sounding stuff, but this was the mother of all crazy stuff. besides she was more serious th an hed ever seen her. It didnt matter what he believed there was only one thing to say to her. I believe you, Elizabeth.Thats why, Clay. Thats why Ive helped pay you over the years, its why Ive watched the channel all these years, its why I own two acres right near the water, yet Ive lived up-country for all these years.I dont understand, Elizabeth.They came back, Clay. That night the whale came back, and the thing came back to the beach, but I hid. They came back for me. The next day I didnt even go back to the boat. I hiked my way to the pineapple plantation and got help there. They brought me back to Lahaina on one of their big freighters. I havent been on the water since. The closest I ever go near the water is when theres an event at the sanctuary, and then there are a lot of people around.Clay thought about the Japanese soldier theyd found on a Pacific island whod been hiding from the Americans for twenty years after the war was over. Elizabeth Robinson had obviously been hiding from something that wasnt looking for her. Didnt you tell anyone? Surely the navy would have wanted to find out what happened to one of their best sonar men.They asked. I told them. They dismissed it. They said James went swimming at night, he drowned, and I was drunk. They sent some men over there, and so did the Maui police. They found the boat, still on the beach, with everything in working order. They found our camp, and they found an empty bottle of rum. That was the end of it.Why didnt you ever tell me? Or Nate?I wanted you to keep doing the work that you do. Meanwhile, I kept watching. I read all the scientific journals, too, you know. I look for anything that might make sense of it. Come with me.She got up and went into her house, Clay and Kona following without a word. In the bedroom she opened a cedar tree chest and took out a large scrapbook. She laid it on the bed and flipped it open to the last page. It was Nates obituary.Nathan was one of the best in the field, and that little girl said that a whale ate him. Then she disappeared at sea. She flipped a page. Twelve years ago this Dr. Gerard Ryder disappeared at sea, also studying whale calls at the time, although blue whales. She flipped another page. This fellow, a Russian sonar expert who defected to England, disappeared off Cornwall in 1973. They said it was probably KGB.Well, it probably was KGB. Im sorry, Elizabeth, but each of these incidents seems to have a perfectly normal explanation, and they happen over such a long period of time in different places. I dont see what the connection is.Its underwater sound, Clay. And theyre not normal. All these men, including my James, were experts at listening to the ocean.Even so, are you saying that someone has trained whales? That creatures have been abducting sonar guys and shoving them up whales bums?Dont be crude, Clay. You came to me because you wanted help, Im trying to give it to you. I dont know who they are, but what youve told me about there being language private in the whale song it just confirms in my mind that they took Nate, and James, and all these other people. Thats all I know. Im telling you that Im sure that Nate is alive, too. Its another piece to the puzzle.Clay sat down on the bed next to the scrapbook. There were articles from scientific journals on cetacean biology, on underwater acoustics, news items about whale strandings, some that didnt seem connected at all. It was the search path of someone who didnt know what she was looking for. Hed gone so long thinking of her as crazy that hed never given her credit for how knowledgeable she really was. He was realizing only now what had been driving her. He felt like a shit.Elizabeth, what about the call about the sandwich? What about the crystals and the whales talking to you all of that? I dont understand.I did get the call, Clay. And as for the other, I have dreams of the whales talking to me, and I pay attention to them. Fifty years of searchi ng, I take clues where I can get them. Given what I was looking for, I thought magic and divination as valid a method as any tool in the search.See, Kona said, I told you. intelligence you dont know? Magic.I guess I was casting my faith around carelessly, I just hope I didnt do something awful.Nah, old Auntie, Jahs love on ye anyway, even if youre trampin around your faith like a ho.Kona, shut up, Clay said. What do you mean, you might have done something awful, Elizabeth?She picked up the scrapbook, closed it, then sat down on the bed next to Clay and hung her head. A tear dripped down onto the black pasteboard cover of the book.When the call came, and the whale said that he wanted a pastrami on rye, I recognized the voice, Clay. I recognized the voice, and I insisted Nathan go out there and take the sandwich with him.It was probably a prank, Elizabeth, someone youve met. Nate was going out that day anyway. You didnt cause this.No, you dont understand, Clay. Pastrami on rye was my Jamess favorite. I always had one waiting for him when he came in from submarine duty. The voice on the phone was my James.

Criminal Law Evaluation Paper Essay

Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you address all of the avocation items Examine the sources and purposes of criminal law. Identify and explain jurisdiction to create and give criminal law. dispute the adversarial system and standards of proof in criminal cases. Discuss and differentiate the concepts of criminal liability and accomplice liability. Define 3 types of incipient offenses (e.g., Solicitation, conspiracy, and attempt) AND link them to elements of one specific crime (ie, burglary or murder), with hypothetical examples of each. set your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Format your paper according to APA standards, and include aim headings throughout the paper itself. (See Sample APA Paper in the Center for paternity Excellence if you are not familiar with these types of headingshttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CWE/pdfs/APA6thWritingStyleSamplePaperV8.pdf).Limit your alfresco (ie, other than the textbooks for thisclass) sources to two, total.Any ti me you have a test the adjoining day, finish your night by reviewing your notes. This can actually help you rally important information while you sleep. Your brain will help suffice in the gaps of missing pieces of knowledgeso that youll find that you understand more(prenominal) information in the morning.

Loftus and Palmer Evaluation Essay

The Loftus and Palmer study is a lab experiment. This means that the study is artificial. The artificiality of the setting can intimidate participants or win them more obedient. This in turn can produce unnatural demeanour and results that do not generalize to real life-time. This can be seen in experiment 2 when 12% of the control group reported eyesight broken glass even though they were unaffected by the verb. This could be attributed to the leading question or to demand characteristics when participants look for cues as to what the enquiry is about and behave accordingly, perhaps to please the tec, especially as the participants in this case are students that may even be familiar with the researcher as they are from the same environment. In a nutshell, due to the disposition of the experiment, it lacks ecological validity.In a real life line on that point would be an element of surprise and an increase in emotion. Basically the eye-witness would be in some way involved, which is not the case while reflexion the video the eye-witness is not part of the event. Furthermore, an eye-witness in a real life situation may discuss the event with other people which may alter their memory of the event. Lastly, an eye-witness may think more carefully about giving an answer when in a real life situation when they realize that their answer could judge how innocent or guilty a person is, they may hesitate and realize the importance, although when taking part in a study they may just give an answer without as much thought.The participants were students meaning that the researchers used an opportunity sample. This means that all the participants partake in certain common characteristics and are not representative of society, these may embarrass age, driving experience and educational background. If the study used a hit-or-miss sample the results could be generalized. This study was very useful because it introduced the notion of reconstructive hypothesis and t hat eye-witness testimony isntt reliable. This study, and studies similar to it, have led to changes now as to how the police question and use the information given by witnesses. Certain other details that could also have influenced the participants answers include the burnish or make of the car the driver the ability to estimate speed.

Benefits of Science

Daylon Coles Everybody in this country knows the benefits of having perception apart of our culture. acquaintance is the systematized body of knowledge which helps our minds to learn and discover al wholeness closely everything. It improves us by developing our minds, creating advancements in technology and makes it a bit easier to live in our valet.Science numerates in our world and it should matter for the unproblematic fact that without recognition, we would fail to make advancements in life, from a business and good standpoint, and it should matter because ancient civilizations which were far more advanced than us, incorporated science as their primary means of survival and advancements. Measles is a exceedingly contagious viral illness of the respiratory system that spreads through mobile droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.Historically, measles has been a life fetching disease, but WHO (World Health Organizations) reported in 2006 that measles death r ate dropped from 871,000 to 454,000 between 1999 and 2004, thanks to a global immunization drive. Thats about a 50 percent decrease in 5 old age thanks to the advancement in Science. Living in this country you shadowt fail to neglect the business aspect of it. Science has alike proved to take over several(prenominal) pros to the business aspect of life.If we were to take a look at some numbers, exclude ethics, and examine the business aspect, some people are actually generating a very good acquire In the year 2008, there were more than two dozen pharmaceutic companies that grossed over a billion dollars. In order to determine if we extremity science in our world, we would have to determine whether or not the world would be a more effective place without science. That would mean winning outdoor(a) the scientists of the world and imagining the world without it.Ill attempt to focus on a couple of scientist and what they do and you, the reader, stinker determine whether or not we want these sciences Agricultural Scientist- Study commercial plants, animals and cultivation techniques that increases the productivity of farms, Microbiologists- study bacteria, virus and fungi, Neuroscientist- study the function of the nervous system, Medical scientists- Scientists who carry out clinical trials to find revolutionary solutions in the field of medicine. So for instance, you take away the science of agriculture and you fail to have to necessary crops to produce staple fiber means for life.You take away microbiology and you go forth no longer have the tools to create vaccines for diseases people encounter in everyday life. If you were to sit backward for a moment, and just visualize the world without the many different braches of science, you can clearly see the world is in ofttimes need and will continue to be in dire need of science. One detrimental viewpoint people may try to take is that advancement in science and technology brings pollution, destroys a nimal life and maybe even one day it will destroy earth.People may also believe Science opposes the way humans should live, degrading our morals and encourage humans to be lazy and materialistic. These theories can potentially be true, but before fully agreeing with them ask you to imagine this scenario If you were sitting in a room level(p) nap to a chair with a loaded gun on the table, would the gun shoot you? Its just you, four walls, yourself tied down to the chair and the loaded gun. Obviously the gun would not shot you. That is the kindred exact concept of science. Its not the science that causes so much pollution and makes people lazy its the people.If you were to take a concern who specializes in abortions, but decides to never indulge in performing such(prenominal) operations, people wouldnt see him as abusing his right. So when looking at science from a negative viewpoint remember guns dont kill people, people kill people. No matter how you look at it, science is a vit al concept in life and without it, we would be a lost civilization. Science does matter in the world and it should matter for the simple reason of progression. If you arent going forwards, then youre going backwards and fortunately, science is the tool that allows us to continue to advance.

Chekhov Setting Analysis The Lady with the Dog Essay

In Anton Chekhovs point The Lady with the Dog. the main characters Dmitry Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna partake in an mapping while in Yalta. Chekhov creates this with words that capture a place and time, the movements mingled with dickens citizenry and emotions of love discovered but contained in secrecy. The telephone exchange idea of this story is that in reality everything in this military personnel is rattling beautiful when on reflects on it, except when we forget our dignity and our higher(prenominal) aim in our mere human existence.The stage setting in this story helps us understand the central idea by throwing in the stepping s cantillates for these dickens people to sit back and look at their surroundings for each one time they meet. With every meeting comes a deeper under stand up of the feelings being felt. In the first passage there is a lot of people self-collected on a sorrel, everyone seems to be waiting on someone then not putting much attention or thought to the child alike lovers. This gives them that ability to sneak without much detection from anyone that may recognize them. The tone seems light but still prominent.The author writes, In the evening, when the wind had dropped, they walked to the pier to see the steamer come in. There were a great some people strolling around the harbour they had gathered to welcome someone, bringing bouquets. And two peculiarities of a well-dressed Yalta crowd were very fulgent the aged ladies were dressed like young ones, and there were great numbers of generals. The great many people strolling about the harbor make it easier for the pair to be part of the rea world but still and really existing in their feature realm without fear of being caught.Also the well-dressed Yalta crowd were very conspicuous so all the notice and attention would be on the elderly ladies dressed like young ones and on the great numbers of generals. The setting helps communicate the central idea, Chekhov did not l ook for a moral beginning but instead hangs Gurov and Anna in a state of having no send away that allows them to speak of what is real. As soon as Anna leaves, Gurov does not feel at home in Yalta anymore.In the story the author writes The train travel off rapidly, its lights soon vanished from sight, and a minute later there was no sound of it, as though everything has conspired together to end as right away as possible that sweet delirium, that madness. Left alone on the platform, and gazing into the puritanic distance, Gurov listened to the shrilling of the grasshoppers and the hum of the telegrap wires, feeling as though he had only just awakened. When Anna leaves Yalta, it signals a shift in atmosphere and mood as though everything had conspired together to end as quickly as possible. Gurov had a feeling as though he had only just awakened. And at that moment quickly decides its time for him to go north as well. The passage reveals how out of place and uncomfortable he fee ls with Anna gone standing alone on the platform and gazing into the dark distance, listened to the shrilling of the grasshoppers and the humming of the telecommunicate wires. Each of these an example of something unpleasant reflecting the emotions continuing to develop in Gurov. Anna brought about a softening of his heart, allowing him to love for the first time in his life.

Literary and Critical Analysis of the Yellow Wallpaper Essay

Charlotte Perkins Gil valet wrote the Yellow Wallpaper in 1892, the theme of which was feminism and identity operator element and how one charr dealt with the neurosis of her drumhead created largely by the expectations of familiarity. The whirl to her break peck began from her babys birth and in todays time it would be seen as postpartum depression but at the time when the book was written the char was seen as being extremely strung. Gilman creates the plot around the colour wallpaper in the protagonists room and how her obsessive creative thinker personifies the wallpaper.The deterioration of the muliebritys head teacher is signified through the disintegration of the state of the wallpaper. The story was written at a time when the main subroutine of the woman in society was creating a home for her family. Her sense of worth and her values were all gauged against the commission her home functioned. In this strive for perfection of the home the women of the time normall y lost their own sense of self and it is this struggle to economise a sense of self that usually caused the most stress. This build-up of stress is what is signified in the book.When the book begins, Gilman immediately makes it clear that the protagonist, as the woman, is inferior to her husband, John, the physician. When she feels ill the reply for John is telling her to stay in bad, not to use her caprice and stop writing. To him her writing any involvement is something useless and unnecessary. However, to her, writing is her one rel residual. It is with her being fit to write that she is able to let go of her pent up smacks. She writes, Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do? (160).This last phrase underlines the state of mind and the actual state of mind of the women on the era. The woman is resigned to her inability to go against the societal norms no count how unhappy it makes her. She has given bi rth to a baby and instead of feeling good she is feeling down. Her Husband and everyone around her thinks difference is the best practise and they confine her to her room. She knows that this confinement is not make her happy and she motives something to abstract her, Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good (1279), that she is helpless to counteract her husbands orders.It is through this repression of her confessedly self that her mind starts to break. The stress of hiding her true feelings and maintaining the semblance of normality, going against her true nature, while all the time believing that she was in the wrong in wanting more. The instances of this sort of conflict are shown throughout the book, I meant to be such a help to John, such a real rest and comfort, and her I am a comparative burden already (162). The yellow wallpaper is the only thing she has to break the normality. Initially she dis comparables it, Im really quite fond of this big room, all but the extortionate paper (1281).But as time passes and the wallpaper is the only thing of interest in the room she starts looking at it with interest. What initially started as a game in seeing the different patterns of the wallpaper changes into a real psychosis, and her state of mind is defined through her thoughts, There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken get it on and two bulbous look stare at you upside down (1281). The most integral part of the story comes from the fact that the identity of the woman is never revealed. It is as if her name has no value and she herself is of no sequel and it is the people around her that define her.The story of the Yellow Wallpaper shows the role of woman in society in America in the past. It shows how a woman did not grant contain of her destiny and how a man could only see her as a possession not as an individual. The callous attitude of the husband who sees her state of mind as the failing of women is the defining factor of the whole situation. By refusing to aim the womans mind as an individual and independent factor of her body and closemouthed his wife to solitude, John the husband aggravates her situation.Her need to talk and write is belittled, her need to expose her emotions repelled by everyone around her. This causes her to get depressed. She does not know how to control herself, she becomes hysterical and needs help but the only help comes from her husband, and comes in a condescending manner that does not help matters. Many critics have given their own point of view and Gilman(1898) wrote in Women and Economics, regarding womenthe same human energies and human desires and ambitions within. But all that she may wish to have, all that she may wish to do, must come through a single canalise and a single choice.Wealth, power, social distinction, fame, -not only these, but home and happiness, reputation, ease and pleasure, her bread and butter,- all, must come to her through a small specious ring (Gilman, 57). The fact of the time was that men were considered the patriarchs and they were the ones in control. There was no concept of partnership. The woman in Gilmans book seems to be conflicted in her concept of her role as a wife. she understands the expectations of societal norms but due to her own character she cannot in her mind accept them as norm.As she writes, John laughs at me, but one expects that in marriage (Gilman, 1973 pp. 9). It is as if women have no value and are mere objects. The woman seems to accept that but unconsciously is rebelling to this ridicule of women. The objectification of women and the judgment passed upon by men causes the woman in Gilmans book to be constantly projecting an range of herself that is not real. She is reacting to what people expect rather than being what she really is and this is creating a conflict in her own self that she is struggling to oercome and barely cannot.I can fee l myself under the gaze of someone whose eyes I do not even see, not even sleep with From the moment this gaze exists, I am already something other, in that I feel myself becoming an object for the gaze of others. (Gilman 1973 pp. 215). The struggle to maintain her identity while keeping her ideas hidden and in lieu with the norms is something she is unable to maintain and the disintegration of her mind shows the pressures she is under. The final deterioration of her mind is shown through her referring to herself in as somebody else.Ive got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane(Gilman, 436). Critics suggest the woman has created an alter ego where the conventional self, the rational number self, and the second is the raging and uncontrolled madwoman (Owens 77). Greg Johnson says that when the anger gets out of control the antiquated influence is triumphed over (522). Realizing that the suppression of self is creating a regression of the mind the narration ends with the wo man sleeping and creeping around the nursery like an infant (King and Morris 30).Victorian women did not have any control over themselves and it was this lack of control that is depicted in the Yellow Paper making it a distinctively feminist novel. Through the ripping of the wallpaper the woman destroys her conventional self and survives through the survival of her new identity or rather rebirth of her new self. References Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, The Yellow Wallpaper, The Feminist Press, 1973. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.Women and Economics A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution Small, Maynard & Co. , 1898 O wens, E. Suzanne. The Ghostly paradigm behind the Wallpaper in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. King, Jeannette and Pam Morris. On non Reading between the Lines Models of Reading in The Yellow Wallpaper. Studies in hornswoggle Fiction 26. 1 (1989) 23-32. Johnson, Greg. Gilmans Gothic Allegory Rage and repu rchase in The Yellow Wallpaper. Studies in Short Fiction 26. 4 (1989)521-30.

Komatsu Case Study Analysis

Komatsu eluding Study Contents Executive Summary2 Evolution and strategical Drivers of Komatsu (EME)3 Organizational Culture4 Five-Force summary The EME Industry5 SWOT Analysis8 Resource Based Competitive returns8 financials & sentence to come Course9 Company on The Right Path11 References12 Executive Summary Komatsu, the Japan ground earth abject equipment taking on Caterpillar manu incidenturer has been canvas by management students around the globe for years now. This story of David vs demon provides us an insight about the strategies fol ruggeded by David in bringing mint Goliath.Komatsus evolution and its strategies were studied in comparison with that of Caterpillar. Responses to each differents moves in the orbicular earth moving equipment perseverance choose been analysed in the context of their international business strategies. An sedulousness to analysis was by means of to understand the environmental factors that affected the competition amid the giant a nd the emerging. A SWOT analysis identified the internal picks and capabilities of Komatsu that aided it to kick downstairs its distinctive private-enterprise(a)ness.How Komatsu achieve a sustained profitability, gameer than the application average condescension the volatile international EME grocery was studied under the financial analysis. The constituent of formational burnish in enabling Komatsu to succeed in the super competitive industry was everyplacely studied in the case analysis. finished all the above menti unmatchabled analysis, it was found out that the attach to was in the right field track. Measures to ensure that the company continues to stay in the uplifted profitability section allow been discussed in the concluding part of the report. Evolution and Strategic Drivers of Komatsu (EME)Komatsu restrainorKomatsuis a multinational corporation that manufactures whirl mining, andmilitaryequipment, industrial equipments such as press machines, lasers andthermoelectric generators. Komatsu is the worlds second largest manufacturer of turn of events andmining equipmentsafterCaterpillar. However, in approximately areas (Japan, China), Komatsu has a larger percentage than Caterpillar. It has manufacturing operations in Japan, Asia, Americas and Europe. Komatsu was especially dangerous to Caterpillar due to the fact that it was the second largest EME company world capacious.The 1920s to the 1930s marked major festerings for Komatsu and tumid offshoot. The company stressed that the management should have two important perspectives * afield orientation * User orientation During World War II, Komatsu thrived by producing for the Japanese military surplus of yields (military tractors, bulldozers,tanks,howitzers etc. ). After the war, the company introduced commercial bulldozers and forklifts to its equipment subscriber line up meanwhile experiencing exp wizardntial growth precipitated by cockeyed grocery store study in a post- war construction era. The company brought a wide range of young crossways to mart by the late 1960s.The company proceed to expand through the 1970s but gross revenue began to steadily chasten as previous(predicate) as 1982. Komatsu now understood the competition it face but dumb held a 60% market percent indoors Japan. With the threat of the Caterpillar/Mitsubishi venture taking place Komatsu decided to stress a revitalization of the company. Since Komatsu mainly exported whole machines, the company soon agnize that needed to also expand into different markets and set up accumulation plants. Unable to persuade dealers to sell its equipment, the company set up its consume branch gross revenue offices and authorized hand well-nigh repaid shops to be Komatsu service agents.The company set two goals during the 1960s. * The acquisition of the necessary advanced technology from foreign * The improvement of product theatrical role within the company. In the proto(prenomin al) 1970s, Komatsu started to earn its distributor light upwork worldwide, aiming to supplement the direct sales offices with more operate dealers (similar to CATs). The company entered licensing agreements with two major EME manufacturers in the United States transnational Harvester and Bucyrus-Eric. They also launched choice upgrading programs in its factories.The program was apply to hypothesize the Total Quality Control (TQC) concept. All personnel were expected to give for TQC. In 1964, the company started Project A which aimed to upgrade the quality of the small and medium-sized bulldozers. In 1972, the company launched project B which centered on exports. In 1979 the company launched Project called F and F which stood for Future and Frontiers and its objective was to develop new products and new businesses. The project encouraged suggestions from all its employees by postulation them to consider both the need of society and the technical know-how of the compan y.The company also began to focus more towards its Research and Development during the early 1970s. Efforts continued with some attention to basic research as eject as product growing. It had the distinction of introducing the worlds first radio-controlled bulldoze, amphibian bulldozer and remote-controlled underwater bulldozer. The management decided to focus on modify the competitiveness of its products. A four- part cost reduction plan was initiated. During the homogeneous time the company also accelerated its product development program.In 1981, they launched EPOCHS (Efficient deed Oriented Choice Specifications) whose main purpose was to allow the company to react to the diverse market needs without compromising its cost position. Also, by the force out of 1983, the companys manufacturing had become bounteousy integrated, producing all of its separate in-house. Komatsu has been a leader in innovative quality-control initiatives ever since President Yashinari Kawai dec ided to supplement MITIs opening of the EME industry in 1963, and fight back in the face of the Caterpillar/Mitsubishi control stick venture.The company had managed to overcome volatile market fluctuations over the last few years, particularly in key construction markets, as a result of aggressive organizational restructuring and corporate mergers and joint ventures. Organizational Culture We can analyze the organizational refinement on the basis of the following parameters 1. Strength/Weakness of the Culture Komatsus nuance can be classified as a strong stopping point because of their strong alignment to organizational values, which makes them respond to stimulus and help the loaded operate in a tallly efficient manner. 2. business leader Distance cod to hierarchy beingness a truly important aspect of the culture in Japan, the power distance is quite eminent in Komatsu with a well defined hierarchy though the interactivity between different levels of the organization is also fairly high. The power is also mainly concentrated in the hands of the chairman who maintains a tight control. 3. Individualism vs Collectivism once more in line with Japanese culture, the organizational culture is more collectivized with every employee striving towards a common goal. Yet certain single tempers are also encouraged to satisfy the intrinsic needs of the workers. . Goals and Objectives The culture of Komatsu underlines the clear goal it has, i. e. b feeding Caterpillar and be plan of attack the number wizard in the EME industry. In fact Komatsus internal slogan is Maru-C, which when near translated means encircle Caterpillar. 5. Employee transaction and empowerment Komatsu maintains very strong employee relations and ensures that each employee has satisfaction in terms of work, cooperation with colleagues and winning approval from others, make them feel that theyre contributing to the organization amplely while ensuring that theyre in line with the organiz ation values and goals.Five-Force Analysis The EME Industry I. threat of New Entrants 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Economies of scale is low X The industry is based on Build to Order and the machine eyeglasses differ from customer to customer. 2. Experience effects are high thusly X Experience in running the business in this industry is vital because extensive capital is invested. 3. reaping preeminence is medium X Differentiation in the product quality and the customer requirements is moderate during the time of sales but the differentiation factor lies in the after sales service & availability of spares 4.Brand identification is high X Customers blindly swan on brand equipments. E. g. Caterpillar (55% market share) 5. Capital requirements are very high X Because of the capital intensive nature of the product/ industry, new entrants would stand weak comparatively 6. Incumbents control of distribution channels is high X Access to distribution channel for new entrants is diff icult because the branded players maintain strong relationship with the partners 7.Incumbents proprietary knowledge is high X Ease of starting business in this industry is low for an individual. It demand high degree of prior knowledge 8. Incumbents control of access to novel materials is low X Procurement of painful material (basically steel) is not too difficult as there is cut throat competition in the steel industry Overall nemesis of New Entrants Low 6. II. bargain Power of Buyers 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Buyer concentration is low X Not many are involved in buy these equipments. Even the amount is high but the distribution is concentrated. 2. Buyer secure in small volume, and little frequently X The number of transactions is low (non-recurring) but post-sales the dependence on the vendor improvers due to spares & put forward 3. Buyer switch overing be are high X Because of the extensive initial coronation, high life span of the product & the dependence for th e after-sales choke off makes the buyers immobile 4. Buyers have good information X The buyers are well experienced in their particular business and hence have full knowledge of the product 5.Buyers ability to integrate backward is low X It is almost impossible for a retail customer to start up such a business (capital intensive, knowledge based) 6. Close- alleviation products are rarely gettable X A tractor cannot be replaced by other equipments or a bullock-cart 7. Product differentiation of providers is low X Players tend to match the product quality is very low because of the cut-throat competition 8. Buyers profitability is very high X EMEs in these industries (mining, forest, agriculture) holds high importance Overall Bargaining Power of Buyers Medium . III. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 1 2 3 Remarks 1. ingress of suppliers is low X The number of suppliers is less. 2. Availability of substitute products is moderate X Raw Materials involved are normally i rreplaceable except in exceedingly innovative product. 3. Importance of customer to the supplier is moderate X Steel industry has other customers also (automobile, real estate/housing, other mfg. industries) but due to lower margins the volume is also important for them. Thus, moderate. 4.Differentiation of suppliers product & service is low X Basic raw materials required are almost of equal quality from other suppliers. 5. electric switch cost of the buyer are moderate X Due to strong relationships and credit dependence, the buyers would resist switching very often. 6. Threat of forward desegregation by the supplier is low X A steel supplier is least the standardizedly to start the EME business. 7. Importance of the input to the quality of the buyers product is high X The quality of the raw materials determines the quality of the final product. 8. Cost of the input, relative to the total product cost is high X The raw material contribution to the final product comprises of 50% of the total cost Overall Bargaining Power of Suppliers Medium 8. IV. Threat of Substitute Products 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Profitability of industry producing substitute is NA X on that point seems to be no substitute industry for EMEs 2. Rate of improvement in price-performance relationship of substitute product is NA X NA for the same reasons as above 3. Buyers switching costs are high X As mentioned earlier, dependence for after sales support and broad life span of the product makes it difficult for the buyers to switch Overall Threat of Substitute Products Low 9. V. Competitive Rivalry & Barriers to clog 1 2 3 Remarks 1. Concentration of competitors is high X There is close competition among the existing players. There are around 10 competitors in the industry. 2. Industry growth rate is moderate X The growth rate of the industry is moderate (6%-7%) because of maturity in the industry (more competitors coming in and depleting margins) 3.Fixed Costs a re high X The CAPEX involved in setting up facilities is high and this is lowered by JVs to an extent. 4. Product differentiation is low X There is not much difference in the main equipments the competitors make except the after sales service 6. chemise costs are high X Because of the huge initial investment, high life span of the product & the dependence for the after-sales support makes the buyers immobile 7. go away barriers are high X Asset specialization is high & huge investment makes it difficult to quit 8.Strategic stakes are high X Caterpillar was exposed to loss in Europe due to Komatsu eating up its market share. Overall Intensity of Competitive Rivalry juicy 10. *1-High 2-Medium 3-low 11. SWOT Analysis STRENGHTS * Wide range of products Full Line offered * splendid quality levels in terms of products and processes with Total Quality Control (TQC) being adopted for all practices and supplemented by the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle. * Price advantage with treasure to major competitors. Large international presence and market leaders in its home country as well as a few other countries, especially in the eastern bloc. * Low cost and exceedingly productive nature of the labor force. * Excellent R & D facilities and development of breakthrough and specialized products and adaptation of products to suit user requirements in variant countries. * Able to respond to diverse market needs without compromising on the cost position (EPOCHS project). * Fully integrated manufacturing with production of all components and separate in house. WEAKNESSES * Centralized production system which will lead to less flexibility on placard of changing competitive factors like protectionism, step in rate fluctuations etc. * Logistical difficulties in shipping and high land cost. * Weaker sales and distribution remunerationwork as opposed to that of Caterpillar. * CAT still has wider brand recognition and a larger brand value * Product range still little than that of Caterpillar. OPPORTUNITIES * Increase in infrastructure development in developing countries in Asia and Latin America. * Mining boom in Australia. A number of unique products in its kitty like amphibious and remote controlled bulldozers which can be used for specialized purposes such as working at toxic dump sites and underwater mining. * Ever increase usage of robots in manufacturing will give a large market share for its industrial robots. THREATS * Reduction in demand for EME equipment due to the slide down of the construction boom, especially in developed countries. * Fluctuating nature of the Yen. * The rise of tack frictions between the US and European Community and Japan. The rise of smaller domestic companies in the international market. Resource Based Competitive Advantage Let us now analyze Komatsu on the basis of its Physical, Reputational, Organizational, Financial and mind resources. 1. Physical The physical resources of Komatsu are quite impo rtant and some of it is quite rare such as its unique products such as the amphibious bulldozer but is not hard to copy and is substitutable. In fact CAT still has advantages over it in terms of sales and distribution and factory locations. 2.Reputational The reputation of Komatsu is quite valuable and is widely cognise as a maker of good quality EME machines at competitive prices but CAT still has a higher reputational advantage over it. 3. Organizational The organizational set up of Komatsu is highly efficient and it is one of its most valuable resources. It has one of the best labor relations in the industry. 4. Financial The financial position of the company is quite stable at the moment but is subject to a lot of risks on account of various factors like the fluctuating Yen, decreasing demand for EME equipment etc. . Intellectual The intellectual resources of Komatsu is one of the best in the industry, making it highly valuable and rare, leading to the development of its excell ent R & D infrastructure and highly productive nature of its labor force. Financials & Future Course From the limited and foreshorten version of the financial performance of Komatsu, we can see that the company has shown invariable growth. Yet, there has been considerable fluctuation in the sales revenue and elucidate income over the years. Plotting the data in a graph gives us a clear picture of this trend.The above three figures show that the market-share of Komatsu, in the global EME market, has steadily grown between 1978 and 1984. It is interesting to note that the net sales and net income of the company does not correspond to the steady growth in the market share. These ups and downs can be explained in a case by case basis. In the early 1970s, the company started focusing on upgrading the quality of its products to compete in the global market. MITIs decision to open the EME industry to foreign investments led to an obsession for quality and acquisition of advanced technol ogy.Licensing technologies from worldwide Harvester and Bucyrus-Eric and implementation of quality improvement programs led to high costs but they started paying off in the late 1970s in terms of increased market penetration and lower cost of manufacturing. pugnacious exports to Western Europe and other parts of the world in the early seventies led to the sustenance of growth in market share and sales. But poor dealer network and lack of global military service facilities led to a overkill of inventories and parts in international subsidiaries that led to material decrease in net income.Pricing its products at 30-40% less than that of CATs products enabled Komatsu to sell high number in LDCs. Komatsus ratio of exports grew from 20 % to 55 % in 1975. Late 1970s saw an increased investment in R to facilitate the V-10 program to reduce cost by 10 %, reduce the number of part of by 20 %, focus on value engineering and rationalizing the manufacturing process. This dented the balance sheet. Rapid perceptiveness of Yen against many major currencies led to further constraints. Though the engineers used pessimistic internal yen/dollar exchange rate, the volatile nature of Yen had an impact on the net income.Buying its way out of the licensing contracts between International Harvester and Bucyrus-Eric again led to a major outgo in the early 1980s, but they saved the company a great deal of trouble and licensing fees. This led to the unrestricted introduction of products like hydraulic excavators and wheel loaders to the world market. This led to a spike in the net income and net sales of the company in early 1980s. The rise of trade friction between European community and USA on one hand and Japan on the other slumped Komatsus international sales after 1982.Subsequent freight costs from shipping heavy earth moving equipment with poor volume to value ratio, simultaneous initiatives such as EPOCH, PDCA and increase in R spending to 5. 8 % in 1983 pulled down the net income figures. These are temporary downtrends which will be turned in to quick up swing once these efforts start to paying off. Company on The Right Path The company is on the right track. Results of R efforts like superior cast iron development, 1000 bhp bulldozer, and diversification to arc-welding robots, heat systems etc have ensure the future of the company.It has spread its risk and has capitalized on changing trends like the embargo by Reagans administration which got Komatsu the Siberian natural resource project. Through it initiatives like F, it has identified the future course of the organization with the amour of its employees. But a competitor like CAT will by all odds bounce back stronger than ever. CAT has its distinctive competitiveness built through strong dealership, huge financial reserves, global learning and experience. Innovation, operational efficiency, quality and consumer responsiveness are the key factors in achieving distinctive competitiveness.Komatsu has already intercommunicate the needs of innovation, quality and operational efficiency. But there is a big gap in the consumer responsiveness aspect. CAT offers service and spare parts in 24 hours in any part of the world. Inventory overkill is a not a sustainable solution, hence the companys flying concern should be of improving the consumer responsiveness to ensure repeat purchase and nurturing customer loyalty. Companys internal exchange rate has unploughed it buoyed during turbulent times in the money market, but initiatives like hedging revenues from international business will reduce forex risk.Innovation is vital, but innovation should be backed by organization commitment. If these innovations are not deftly handled, the drop down cost in R will scuttle the company. Komatsu should hence avoid falling in to the Chasm between the early adopters and early majority of its new products. This can be achieved by sensing the different needs of the early majority and perfecti ng the design of the products, adopting the distribution network to commercialization and revamping its business flummox based on the new requirements.If Komatsu fails in these fronts, it will fall in to the Pioneers category of the Icarus paradox Danny identified by Miller. References * http//www. cat. com/about-the-company * http//www. komatsu. com/CompanyInfo/profile/ * C. W. L. Hill & R. Jones, Strategic Management- an integrated approach(2009). Bizantra, New Delhi. * C. W. L. Hill & Arun. K. Jain, International Business competing in the global market place (2009). Tata McGrawHill, New Delhi.